The Syrian conflict began in March 2011, amidst the wave of the Arab Spring,
as peaceful protests by President Bashar al-Assad’s regime escalated into a
full-scale civil war by 2012. Initially calling for democratic reforms,
demonstrators faced violent crackdowns, leading to widespread unrest. Over
time, the conflict evolved into a proxy war, involving regional and global
powers. Russia and Iran have supported the Assad regime militarily and
financially, while the United States, Turkey, and Gulf States have backed
opposition forces. Key events include the rise of ISIS in 2014, Russia’s military
intervention in 2015, and ongoing clashes between Kurdish groups and
extremist organizations. The humanitarian toll has been devastating, with
over 500,000 lives lost, 6.2 million internally displaced persons, and more
than 5.6 million refugees as of 2022. Catastrophic incidents, such as the 2013
Ghouta chemical attack, have highlighted the severity of war crimes and
violations of international law. Efforts to mediate peace, including the
Geneva talks initiated in 2017, have faced challenges due to geopolitical
rivalries and the fractured nature of warring factions. The Syrian conflict
remains a critical issue for the international community, demanding a
comprehensive approach to address deep-seated political, sectarian, and
economic challenges. The crisis’s complexity is further compounded by
broader geopolitical dynamics. Syria’s strategic position in the Middle East
has made it a focal point for international rivalries, influencing regional
security and stability. The international community navigates a precarious
balance, with ongoing efforts aimed at fostering dialogue while addressing
urgent humanitarian needs. The resolution of the conflict hinges on
collaborative solutions to restore peace, uphold international law, and ensure
a sustainable future for the Syrian people